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Voter fraud is so extremely rare. Out of 250,000,000 votes cast by mail between 2000 and 2020, there were
193 criminal convictions. By those numbers, a person is more likely to be struck by lightning than they are to commit voter fraud. Further, there are already measures in place to detect irregularities and investigate potential cases of voter fraud, making the need for further legislation even smaller.
ID Laws as Voter Suppression
Not only are voter photo ID laws ineffective as means of combating voter fraud, but their main impact is that they promote voter suppression.
The use of restrictive voting laws to disenfranchise minority voters can be traced back to the Jim Crow era, when many states employed various tactics — including literacy tests, poll taxes, and extralegal measures such as violence and intimidation — to prevent Black Americans from voting. Following the enactment of the
Voting Rights Act (VRA) in 1965, many of these tactics were outlawed, but efforts to restrict voting access persisted, including implementing voter ID laws.